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The culture of Europe is rooted in the art, architecture, music, literature, and philosophy that originated from the European cultural region. European culture is largely rooted in what is often referred to as its "common cultural heritage".〔Cf. Berting (2006:51).〕 ==Elements== Due to the great number of perspectives which can be taken on the subject, it is impossible to form a single, all-embracing conception of European culture.〔Cederman (2001:2) remarks: "Given the absence of an explicit legal definition and the plethora of competing identities, it is indeed hard to avoid the conclusion that Europe is an essentially contested concept." Cf. also Davies (1996:15); Berting (2006:51).〕 Nonetheless, there are core elements which are generally agreed upon as forming the cultural foundation of modern Europe.〔Cf. Jordan-Bychkov (2008:13), Davies (1996:15), Berting (2006:51-56).〕 One list of these elements given by K. Bochmann includes:〔K. Bochmann (1990) ''L'idée d'Europe jusqu'au XXè siècle'', quoted in Berting (2006:52). Cf. Davies (1996:15): "No two lists of the main constituents of European civilization would ever coincide. But many items have always featured prominently: from the roots of the Christian world in Greece, Rome and Judaism to modern phenomena such as the Enlightenment, modernization, romanticism, nationalism, liberalism, imperialism, totalitarianism."〕 *A common cultural and spiritual heritage derived from Greco-Roman antiquity, Christianity, the Renaissance and its Humanism, the political thinking of the Enlightenment, and the French Revolution, and the developments of Modernity, including all types of socialism; *A rich and dynamic material culture that has been extended to the other continents as the result of industrialization and colonialism during the "Great Divergence";〔 *A specific conception of the individual expressed by the existence of, and respect for, a legality that guarantees human rights and the liberty of the individual; *A plurality of states with different political orders, which are condemned to live together in one way or another;〔 *Respect for peoples, states and nations outside Europe.〔 Berting says that these points fit with "Europe's most positive realisations". The concept of European culture is generally linked to the classical definition of the Western world. In this definition, Western culture is the set of literary, scientific, political, artistic and philosophical principles which set it apart from other civilizations. Much of this set of traditions and knowledge is collected in the Western canon.〔Duran (1995:81)〕 The term has come to apply to countries whose history has been strongly marked by European immigration or settlement during the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the Americas, and Australasia, and is not restricted to Europe. The Nobel Prize laureate in Literature Thomas Stearns Eliot in his 1948 book ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'', credited the prominent Christian influence upon the European culture:〔(Selected T.S. Eliot on Tradition, Poetry, Faith, and Culture )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Culture of Europe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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